[vc_row][vc_column][vc_tta_accordion shape=\u00bbsquare\u00bb c_icon=\u00bbchevron\u00bb c_position=\u00bbright\u00bb active_section=\u00bb\u00bb no_fill=\u00bbtrue\u00bb collapsible_all=\u00bbtrue\u00bb][vc_tta_section title=\u00bbResumen\u00bb tab_id=\u00bbresumen\u00bb][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n
Actualmente la actividad empresarial en la econom\u00eda de mercado, marcada fuertemente por la globalizaci\u00f3n y los avances tecnol\u00f3gicos, junto a la masificaci\u00f3n del consumo, han cambiado las pautas en la oferta y contrataci\u00f3n de los productos y servicios. Tal transformaci\u00f3n ha incrementado el desequilibrio tradicional entre proveedores de productos y servicios y consumidores en favor de los primeros, comprometiendo frecuentemente los intereses econ\u00f3micos los consumidores. Estos cambios se constatan tanto en la fase de contrataci\u00f3n de los bienes y servicios como en la fase previa de publicidad e informaci\u00f3n de las ofertas, e incluso con posterioridad. Entre otras muchas pr\u00e1cticas perjudiciales se detectan las siguientes: <\/p>\n
a) Captaci\u00f3n de decisiones de consumo con modelos de oferta que no dan plenitud al derecho a la informaci\u00f3n que corresponde a los consumidores (ocultaci\u00f3n de informaci\u00f3n, informaci\u00f3n falsa, etc.). <\/p>\n
b) Fijaci\u00f3n de los precios no a trav\u00e9s de la libre competencia, sino mediante componendas entre los propios competidores en el mercado (acuerdos para alterar el precio). <\/p>\n
c) Pr\u00e1cticas comerciales y utilizaci\u00f3n de t\u00e9cnicas de publicidad y contrataci\u00f3n mediante TICs que vulneran la libertad de disposici\u00f3n patrimonial de los consumidores. <\/p>\n
d) Utilizaci\u00f3n de t\u00e9cnicas abusivas en la contrataci\u00f3n, basadas en ocultaci\u00f3n de informaci\u00f3n del producto, condiciones o precio final, generalmente mediante imposici\u00f3n unilateral de condiciones por parte del proveedor. Todo ello se desarrolla cada vez m\u00e1s en un marco de relaciones entre proveedores y consumidores a distancia, con intermediario tecnol\u00f3gico, generando pr\u00e1cticas comerciales agresivas que inciden sobre la libertad de disposici\u00f3n patrimonial los consumidores que debe erigirse en un inter\u00e9s que reciba una tutela penal m\u00e1s global y eficiente que la que brinda actualmente el C\u00f3digo penal. Por ello el proyecto pretende alcanzar las siguientes metas: <\/p>\n
1\u00aa. Analizar la idoneidad del Derecho penal como instrumento de protecci\u00f3n de intereses econ\u00f3micos de los consumidores, as\u00ed como delimitar el escenario de la intervenci\u00f3n. Para ello : <\/p>\n
a) Se revisar\u00e1 sobre bases cr\u00edticas algunas figuras delictivas que tendr\u00edan como objetivo proteger los intereses de los consumidores, as\u00ed como las clases de reacciones punitivas. <\/p>\n
b) Se determinar\u00e1 qu\u00e9 tipo de t\u00e9cnicas, categor\u00edas e institutos jur\u00eddico-penales permiten al Derecho penal ser m\u00e1s eficaz en su funci\u00f3n protectora. <\/p>\n
c) Y se propondr\u00e1, en su caso, la incorporaci\u00f3n de nuevos il\u00edcitos penales cuyo contenido verse sobre la vulneraci\u00f3n de normas protectoras de los derechos econ\u00f3micos de los consumidores. <\/p>\n
2\u00aa. Plantear un posible modelo sistem\u00e1tico de protecci\u00f3n de los intereses econ\u00f3micos de los consumidores, como ocurre con otros colectivos. Para ello se deber\u00e1: <\/p>\n
a) Explorar las posibilidades de consolidaci\u00f3n del colectivos de consumidores como titulares de un bien jur\u00eddico que proteja sus derechos econ\u00f3micos. <\/p>\n
b) Identificar y delimitar el bien jur\u00eddico que proteger\u00eda esos derechos. En definitiva, el trabajo de investigaci\u00f3n pretende analizar si quedan mejor protegidos los intereses econ\u00f3micos de los consumidores y, sobre la base de un nuevo bien jur\u00eddico, del cual ser\u00edan titulares los consumidores, y en su caso, si resulta necesario introducir nuevos il\u00edcitos penales agrupados sistem\u00e1ticamente que entrar\u00edan en juego antes de que el patrimonio individual de alguno de ellos resultara lesionado.
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Currently the business in the market economy, strongly marked by globalization and technological advances, together to the massification of consumption, have changed the guidelines in supply and procurement of products and services. Such a transformation has increased the traditional imbalance between suppliers of products and services, and consumers in favour of the first, often committing economic interests consumers. These changes were noted both in the phase of procurement of goods and services and in the initial phase of advertising and information offerings, and even after. Among other many harmful practices are detected as follows: (a) Win of decisions of consumption with supply models which do not give fullness to the right to information which corresponds to the consumers (concealment of information, misinformation, etc.). (b) Determination of prices, not through free competition, but through compromises among the own competitors in the market (agreements to alter the price). (c) Commercial practices and techniques of advertising and recruitment through TICs that violate the freedom of choice of consumers. (d) Use of abusive techniques in procurement, based on concealment of information of the product, conditions or price end, usually by unilateral of contractual conditions imposition by the supplier. All of this develops increasingly in a context of relationships between suppliers and consumers to distance, with technological intermediary, generating aggressive commercial practices affecting the rights of consumers. The freedom of choice of consumers must be erected in a main interest, that should received a criminal protection more global and efficient that it provides currently the Penal Code. Therefore, the project aims to achieve the following objetives: 1st. Analyze the adequacy of the criminal law as an instrument of protection of economic interests of consumers, as well as define the stage of the intervention. To do this: (a) It will be reviewed on a critical basis some offences that would be intended to protect the interests of consumers, as well as the kinds of punitive reactions. b) It will be determined what kind of juridical institutes, categories and techniques allow criminal law be more effective in their protective function. c) And, if necessary, it will proposed the incorporation of new criminal offences whose content see about the infringement of protective standards of the economic rights of consumers. 2nd. Raise a possible model of systematic protection of the economic interests of consumers, as it is the case with other groups. To do this we wil try: (a) Exploring possibilities for the consolidation of the consumer as holders of a legal collective that protects their economic rights. b) Identify and delimit the legal interest that would protect these rights. Ultimately, the research work aims to analyze if there are better protected economic interests of consumers, and on based a new legal interest, which would be consumers, and if necessary introduce new criminal offences grouped systematically, and which came into the game until the individual assets of any of them was injured. <\/p>\n
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