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Research on loanwords and the diatopic diversification of languages has been a traditional topic in Romance studies. It is a fertile field that concerns all disciplines interested in the problems of language comparison and evolution: theoretical and applied linguistics, languages in contact, the study of cultural influences, language history (especially lexical history), etymology, semantics, onomasiology, and lexicography (dictionaries of loanwords, historical dictionaries, etymological dictionaries, etc.). In the case of interference between Portuguese and Spanish, few studies have addressed this phenomenon in a comprehensive way (see Lüdtke 2014: 325), and, in general, language historians repeatedly use the same examples found in classic theoretical essays and traditional textbooks. Regarding the background of this type of research, after the studies proposed by Corominas (1944), Nogueira (1946), Malkiel (1948), Salvador (1967), Granda (1968) or Sala et al. (1982), there are few general works that deal with the subject of Portuguese loanwords, among which those carried out in recent years by Porras Castro (1995), Ridruejo (1995), Verdonk (2004), Venâncio (2008a, 2008b) or Lipski (2010) stand out, as well as the partial analyses dedicated to specific areas of American Spanish, such as those of Pérez Guerra (1999 and 2015), Ramírez Luengo (2005, 2010 and 2013) and Lipski (2015). From a diachronic perspective, with the exception of some valuable contributions by Frago Gracia (1999), no work has focused on the historical study of Atlantic Portuguese loanwords. In this project, which we propose as a continuation and conclusion of the one we were granted for 2013-2016, we intend to complete our existing database with new documentary records on Portuguese loanwords from the 18th century to the present, in order to publish a historical dictionary of Atlantic Portuguese loanwords. Analyzing the distribution of these terms throughout southern Spanish, in conjunction with their recorded dates, will help elucidate the degree of integration of Portuguese loanwords while revealing their possible routes of introduction. This analysis will uncover false Brazilianisms, words erroneously attributed to pre-Hispanic languages but recorded in Galician-Portuguese lexicographical databases, and loanwords that have spread throughout American Spanish via two parallel routes: through interdialectal connections (and thus originating from the traditional Galician-Portuguese background) or through linguistic contact in border regions with Brazil. This work of historical lexicography will combine textual records with aspects related to the chronology, dispersal, and topolectal diffusion of these loanwords. Furthermore, the aim is to present the data through maps showing the diatopic and chronological distribution of each of the Portuguese loanwords, their semantic evolution, and their spread. This type of linguistic stratigraphy applied to loanwords is a novel approach in diachronic research on the Spanish lexicon, as it allows for the confirmation, with reliable data extracted from the corpus, of proposed etymologies, the trajectory of the analyzed terms, and the documentation that supports their use at a specific point in time or over time. [/vc_column_text][/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=»Abstract» tab_id=»abstract»][vc_column_text]
Research on borrowings and diatopic diversification in languages has been a traditional topic in Romanic studies. It is a productive field which concerns all disciplines interested in problems related to the comparison of languages and their evolution: Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, language contact, the study of cultural differences, language history (especially, the history of the lexicon), etymology, semantics, onomasiology and lexicography (dictionaries of borrowings, historical dictionaries, etymological dictionaries, etc.). In the case of interference between Portuguese and Spanish, there is little research on this phenomenon done from a global perspective (vid. Lüdtke 2014: 325) and, in general, language historians give once and again the same examples already included in classic theoretical essays and traditional handbooks. With regard to the background of this type of investigation, after the studies done by Corominas (1944), Nogueira (1946), Malkiel (1948), Salvador (1967), Granda (1968) or Sala et al. (1982), very few deal with Portugueseisms with a general approach; Among them, the most outstanding are those carried out by Porras Castro (1995), Ridruejo (1995), Verdonk (2004), Venâncio (2008a, 2008b) or Lipsky (2010), as well as the partial analysis focused on specific areas of Latin American Spanish; such are the studies of Pérez Guerra (1999 and 2015), Ramírez Luengo (2005, 2010 and 2013) and Lipsky (2015). From a diachronic perspective, there are no works focused on the historical study of Atlantic Portugueseisms, except for some valuable contributions made by Frago Gracia (1999). In this research project, set out as a continuation and conclusion of the one given to us for the 2013-2016 period, the aim is to complete the database we have developed with new documentary records about Portugueseisms from the XVIIIth century to the present day to edit a historical dictionary of Atlantic Portugueseisms. The analysis of the distribution of these terms in all southern Spanish in combination with the date of their record will contribute to the clarification of their degree of integration, at the same time showing their most likely pathway of introduction. This will make it possible to discover false Brazilian terms, words wrongly attributed to the imprint of pre-Hispanic languages, which are recorded in the Galician-Portuguese lexicographic databases, and also borrowings which have spread to Latin American Spanish in two different but parallel routes: through dialectal interconnections (which, therefore, comes from the Galician-Portuguese tradition), or rather through linguistic contact in the border areas with Brazil. It is a work of historical lexicography which will combine textual records and aspects related to the chronology, dispersion and geographical spreading of these borrowings. Furthermore, we intend to present the data through maps that show both the diatopic and chronological evolution of each Portuguese word, their semantic evolution and dissemination. This type of linguistic stratigraphy applied to borrowings is a novelty in the diachronic research of the Spanish lexicon as it becomes possible to corroborate the etymologies under study with faithful data taken from the corpus, the route followed by the words analyzed and the historical documentation which supports their use in a concrete synchronous stage or over time.
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