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Studies on dehumanization propose the absence of a set of qualities, including civic behavior, refinement, moral sensitivity, rationality, and maturity, as criteria for social exclusion. The aim of this project is to confirm that civic-mindedness functions as a quality that people use to distinguish human beings from animals. Surprisingly, researchers in the field of dehumanization have not developed what this concept means, how people perceive it, or how they use this quality to discriminate against and exclude others from the human sphere. The precarious state of this topic within social psychology is also striking. However, uncivil behavior is receiving increasing media attention because, in many cases, it represents an attack on social norms while simultaneously eroding the quality of life. The research in this project is organized into five lines of inquiry. The first line of research aims to confirm that civic-mindedness is an indicator of humanity and that uncivil behavior is a diagnostic criterion that reinforces the dehumanization of others. It seeks to confirm the association between civic-mindedness and dehumanization. The second line of research takes a subtle approach to studying how people perceive uncivil behavior. Specifically, it will investigate the metaphorical representation people have of such behavior, exploring the up (good) - down (bad) dimensions as well as the left (primitive) - right (modern) dimensions. A review of related studies suggests that perceivers are very likely to place uncivil behavior in the lower part of the vertical dimension (negative behavior) and in the left part of the horizontal dimension (primitive behavior). The third and fourth lines of research address some factors that may increase the association between uncivil behavior and dehumanization. Specifically, the third line of inquiry explores the effect of the context in which uncivil behavior occurs, while the fourth line examines the effect of the perpetrator's categorical affiliation. Our studies on the effect of these factors on dehumanization show that a) belonging to a national or ethnic outgroup (e.g., Germans, sub-Saharan Africans, Arabs) or b) being in a familiar or ingroup-specific space increases the tendency to exclude others from humanity. Finally, in the fifth line of inquiry, we are interested in confirming whether the emotional responses activated by perpetrators of uncivil behavior in response to the discomfort or reproach of other observers fall into the category of feelings or emotions.
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Dehumanization research proposes as a criterion of social exclusion a set of qualities. These are civility, refinement, moral sensitivity, rationality and maturity. The purpose of this project is to confirm that civility works as a quality that people use to distinguish humans from animals. Surprisingly, researchers in dehumanization have not developed what this concept means, how people perceive it and also how they use this quality to discriminate human being. It is also striking the precarious state of incivility topic in social psychology. However, the uncivility occupies more and more space in the media because in many cases it is an attack on social standards while fosters an erosion of the quality of life. Research of this project is organized into five lines of research. The first line is ready to confirm that civility is an indicator of humanity and that incivility is a criteria that enhances the dehumanization of the other people. Our hypothesis points to confirm the association between incivility and dehumanization. The second line, tries a subtle approach to the study of how people perceive the uncivil behavior. Specifically, it searches into the metaphorical representation that people have of this behavior, exploring the dimensions up (good) – down (bad) and the dimensions left (primitive) – right (modern). The review of related studies, notes that it is very likely that observers will be inclined to place the uncivil behavior in the lower part of the vertical dimension (are negative behaviors) and on the left side of the horizontal dimension (are primitive behavior). The third and fourth lines of research addresses some factors that can increase the association uncivil behavior – dehumanization. Specifically, in the third line we will study the effect of the context in which the uncivil behavior takes place while the fourth line will study the effect of the kind of group the agent belongs. Our previous studies on the effect of these factors on the infrahumanization show that a) belong to a national or ethnic outgroup (eg. German, sub-Saharan Africans, Arabs) or b) be in a family space, increases the tendency to exclude other people from humanity. Finally, in the fifth line we are interested to confirm whether the emotional responses that would trigger the agents of uncivil behavior at the reaction of discomfort or disapproval of other observers fall into the category of secondary or primary emotions.
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